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【4】States of Consciousness

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Consciousness - state of being aware of internal and external stimuli Sleep -  decreased levels of physical activity; reduced sensory awareness Wakefulness  - high sensory awareness, thought, and behavior Biological rhythms - cycle of  bodily change that maintains homeostasis in the body   Circadian rhythms -   takes place over 24 hours Sleep regulation  - how the brain switches between sleep and wakefulness Sleep - sleep rebound - when someone falls asleep faster after being sleep deprived; 1 type of homeostatic regulation - can be tracked using EEG (electroencephalography) which measures brain waves - sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the thalamus, hypothalamus, (for slow wave sleep) and the pons (for REM sleep) is regulated by melatonin which is secreted by the pineal gland - regulates and secretes hormones eg. melatonin, luteinizing hormone - stimulates growth and follicles Disruptions of Normal Sleep Jet lag  - when a person's internal circadian rhythm and their enviro
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【3】Biopsychology - Important Figures

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Phineas Gage (1823-1860) Had an accident as a railroad foreman when has was 25 on September 13, 1848 that caused a iron rod to lodge into his head while blasting it down a hole to clear out rocks. Despite this, he was still able to stand, walk, and speak after this incident. In the proceeding months, his behavior changed drastically, changing from a mild soft-spoken man to a violent and odd one that would behave inappropriately. Lost impulse control, a frontal lobe function. It is possible that more than just that part of the brain was impacted.   Henry Molaison (1927-2008) Had a brain surgery in 1953 to treat his case of severe seizures when he was 27. His hippocampus and amygdala were removed from his brain. Although the surgery lessened the severity of his seizures, he was unable to form new memories. Includes things like remembering faces and events that just occurred. However, he could still learn new skills, even though he had no conscious memories of learning them.
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【6】Developmental Psychology - Notes

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  ⭐Developmental psychology examines our physical, cognitive, and social development across our lifespan. nature (genetic predisposition) v nurture (experiences) continuity and stages - How is development divided? Are there separate stages? stability and change - What traits change or persist through time? Researchers that emphasize... learning - "growth is continuous"  biology - "development is a series of stages and sequences"   Some parts of us change, some don't or are hard to change (social attitudes, coping mechanisms)             (temperament) Some personality traits we exhibit when we're 3 years old can persist as we get older Women are born with all eggs they will ever have. Men create sperm once they hit puberty and will produce more for the rest of their lives. Zygotes enter a stage of rapid cell division and start differentiation . After 10 days  from conception, the germinal stage is completed as the zygote attaches itself to the mother&#
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