Important Figures

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【3】Biopsychology - Important Figures

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Phineas Gage (1823-1860) Had an accident as a railroad foreman when has was 25 on September 13, 1848 that caused a iron rod to lodge into his head while blasting it down a hole to clear out rocks. Despite this, he was still able to stand, walk, and speak after this incident. In the proceeding months, his behavior changed drastically, changing from a mild soft-spoken man to a violent and odd one that would behave inappropriately. Lost impulse control, a frontal lobe function. It is possible that more than just that part of the brain was impacted.   Henry Molaison (1927-2008) Had a brain surgery in 1953 to treat his case of severe seizures when he was 27. His hippocampus and amygdala were removed from his brain. Although the surgery lessened the severity of his seizures, he was unable to form new memories. Includes things like remembering faces and events that just occurred. However, he could still learn new skills, even though he had no conscious memories of learning them.
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【1】Intro into Psychology - Important Figures

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Wilhelm Wundt ⭐ Voluntarism   ⭐ Established psychology as a science and an academic discipline. Believed that our consciousness shapes are conscious experience. Experimented with introspection by measuring his participants' reactions time to stimuli eg. light, images, and sounds inside an empty room. Edward  Titchener ⭐  Structuralism   ⭐ Developed the field of structuralism. Student of Wilhelm Wundt.  Focused on mental process rather than their function. William James ⭐ Functionalism   ⭐ Views on psychology are heavily influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution. The 1st American psychologist. Included studying objective and measurable topics in psychology like physiology, anatomy and mental activities. B.F. Skinner ⭐  Behaviorism   ⭐ Skinner's Box - experiment in testing behaviors using operant conditioning. Doing a certain action that gives a reward is likely to be repeated while doing another action that punishes the subject are unlikely to be repeated. Believed that our
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【1】Intro into Psychology - Notes

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☆ Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and is based on measurable data. Scientific Method hypothesis - explanation that might explain a phenomenon. Hypotheses should always be broad explanations for some aspect of the natural world that can be consistently supported with evidence over time.      Ex) a bird sings when it's happy -> a bird sings to attract mates Results from the experiment of the hypothesis must be reproduceable  to be valid . -> published / presented to research conferences so others can replicate and build on the results. Theory - hypothesis that has been reproduced successfully multiple times; the best explanation available currently Science can't give knowledge about values and morals. It's limited because thoughts are neither matter nor energy which are quantifiable things. Structuralism         ---> Key Figures: Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener Psychology became an academic discipline in the 1800s. Before it was considered a science,
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